🚀 Fiber Metal Laminate (FML) Property Prediction

Version 2.0 - October 2025

Metal Layer Selection

Fiber Type Selection

Matrix Material Selection

Additives & Reinforcements

Manufacturing Process Selection

Autoclave Curing

Quality: Excellent

Temp: 120-180°C

Pressure: 0.6-1.0 MPa

Void: 1.2%

Hand Layup

Quality: Good

Temp: 80-120°C

Pressure: 0.1-0.5 MPa

Void: 4.4%

NEW

Enhanced 3D Printing

Quality: Excellent

Temp: 200-400°C

Void: <1% porosity

Speed: 40% faster

NEW

RF Plasma Deposition

Quality: Excellent

NASA Tech

Nanotube Integration

Temp: 2000-15000°C

NEW

Natural Fiber Infusion

Quality: Good

Temp: 60-100°C

Void: 2.5%

Resin savings: 25%

Selected Method: Autoclave Curing

Operating Conditions

-50°C 200°C

Environmental Exposure

AI/ML Prediction Engine

Classical Methods

ROM, Halpin-Tsai, MVF, CLT

Accuracy: ±15%

🆕 Machine Learning

Neural Network Predictions

Accuracy: ±8%

🆕 Hybrid (Recommended)

Classical + ML Correction

Accuracy: ±5%

Selected Method: Hybrid (Classical + ML)

Property Prediction Results

Tensile Strength

-

MPa

Elastic Modulus

-

GPa

Density

-

g/cm³

Flexural Strength

-

MPa

Impact Energy

-

J

Thermal Conductivity

-

W/m·K

Property Comparison Radar

🆕 Self-Healing Analysis

Self-healing analysis is available only when a self-healing matrix is selected.

🆕 Sustainability Metrics Dashboard

Carbon Footprint

-

kg CO₂/kg

Bio-Content

-

%

Sustainability Score

-

/2.0

Recyclability Rating

-

/5

Carbon Footprint Comparison

Environmental Impact Radar

Market Intelligence (2025)

Global Market Value (2025)

$580.4M USD

Projected Value (2033)

$1.25B USD

CAGR

7.4%

Emerging Applications:

  • 🛰️ New Space: Satellites, lunar vehicles
  • 🚁 eVTOL/Air Taxis: Urban air mobility
  • ⚡ EVs: Battery thermal management
  • 🏗️ Smart Infrastructure: Adaptive structures

Theory & Formulas

Classical Formulas

Rule of Mixtures (ROM) - Density

ρFML = Vmρm + Vfρf + Vmatrixρmatrix

Halpin-Tsai Model - Elastic Modulus

Ecomposite = Ematrix × (1 + ξηVf) / (1 - ηVf)
η = (Efiber - Ematrix) / (Efiber + ξEmatrix)

Mean Volume Fraction (MVF) - Tensile Strength

σFML = Vmσm + Vcompσcomp

🆕 October 2025 Breakthrough Formulas

Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Temperature-Dependent Modulus

ESMA(T) = EM + (EA - EM) × ξ(T)
ξ(T) = 0.5 × (1 + tanh((T - Ttransform) / ΔT))
where EM = Martensite modulus (35 GPa), EA = Austenite modulus (83 GPa)

SMA-Enhanced Buckling Load

PSMA-FML = Pbase × (1 + 0.53 × nwires)
53% buckling load increase per SMA wire layer

Self-Healing Efficiency

ηheal = ηmax × exp(-Ea/(R×T)) × f(t) × g(d)
f(t) = 1 - exp(-t/τ), g(d) = exp(-d/dmax)
where ηmax = maximum efficiency, Ea = activation energy, d = damage size

Sustainability Score

Sscore = (1 - CF/100) × (Bio/100) × (1 + Recycle/5)
CF = carbon footprint, Bio = bio-content %, Recycle = recyclability rating

FLARE Composite (Flax + Aluminum) Properties

EFLARE = 60 GPa (optimal at 33% fiber ratio)
Carbon Reduction = 60% vs conventional FML
Moisture adjustment: Eadj = Ebase × (1 - 0.07 × moisture%)

AI/ML Correction Factors

Hybrid Prediction Model

Phybrid = Pclassical × (1 + αML)
αML = neural network correction factor (-0.15 to +0.15)
Reduces prediction error from ±15% to ±5%